Туннельные тележки подкладка are essential pieces of equipment used in tunnel construction to facilitate the placement and support of concrete lining. There are various types, each designed to suit different tunnel shapes, размеры, construction methods, and project requirements.
Tunnel Lining Trolleys Types
1. Based on Tunnel Shape and Size:
Circular Tunnel Trolleys: These are the most common type, designed for tunnels with a circular cross-section. They are often used in TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) driven tunnels.
Horseshoe/Segmental Arch Trolleys: Designed for tunnels with a horseshoe or segmental arch shape, often found in older tunnels or those constructed using conventional methods (drill and blast or NATM).
Rectangular Tunnel Trolleys: Used for tunnels with a rectangular or box-shaped cross-section, such as cut-and-cover tunnels or underground stations.
Custom-Designed Trolleys: For tunnels with irregular or unique shapes, custom trolleys are designed and fabricated to meet the specific requirements. These are often complex and require significant engineering.
Small-Diameter Tunnel Trolleys (Microtunneling): These are designed for very small tunnels, often used for utility installation. They are typically remotely controlled.
2. Based on Construction Method:
Cast-in-Place (CIP) Trolleys: These trolleys are used to support formwork into which concrete is poured to create the tunnel lining. They’re adjustable to achieve the desired lining thickness.
Precast Segmental Lining Trolleys: These trolleys are used to transport, position, and install precast concrete segments that form the tunnel lining. These are very common in TBM tunnelling. They often include:
Erector Arms: Hydraulic arms to lift and precisely position the segments.
Vacuum Lifters: To handle segments without damaging them.
Gripper Systems: To temporarily hold the segments in place while the ring is completed.
Shotcrete Trolleys: These trolleys carry equipment and provide a working platform for applying shotcrete (sprayed concrete) to the tunnel walls. They often include platforms for the nozzleman and equipment for mixing and delivering the shotcrete.
3. Based on Functionality and Features:
Fixed Form Trolleys: The formwork is fixed in position, and the entire trolley moves along the tunnel. Suitable for long stretches with consistent geometry.
Adjustable Form Trolleys: The formwork can be adjusted to accommodate slight variations in tunnel diameter or to create features like niches or service ducts.
Hydraulic Trolleys: Utilize hydraulic systems for movement, formwork adjustment, and segment handling. These offer precise control and high load capacity.
Pneumatic Trolleys: Use pneumatic systems, often for smaller trolleys or for specific functions where air power is sufficient.
Self-Propelled Trolleys: Equipped with their own drive systems, allowing them to move independently within the tunnel.
Towed Trolleys: Moved by external tractors or locomotives.
Telescopic Trolleys: Designed with sections that extend or retract to fit varying tunnel diameters.
Gantry Trolleys: These have an overhead gantry crane for lifting and placing heavy segments or formwork sections.
Multi-Tiered Trolleys: Have multiple levels or platforms for different tasks, such as formwork placement, reinforcement installation, and concrete pouring. This increases efficiency by allowing concurrent operations.
4. Based on Mobility:
Rail-Mounted Trolleys: These trolleys run on rails laid along the tunnel floor. They provide stable and predictable movement but require the installation and maintenance of a rail system.
Wheeled Trolleys: These trolleys run on wheels or tires directly on the tunnel floor. They offer greater flexibility and maneuverability but may require a well-prepared and relatively smooth surface.
Key Considerations When Choosing a Tunnel Lining Trolley:
Tunnel Geometry: Форма, размер, and any variations.
Construction Method: CIP, precast segments, or shotcrete.
Production Rate: The required speed of lining installation.
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More detailed information about different types of tunnel lining trolleys can be found at: https://www.gf-bridge-tunnel.com/a/blog/tunnel-lining-trolleys-types.html
