Choosing the right material for a поворотный подшипник is crucial for its performance, долголетие, and overall cost-effectiveness. В “best” material depends heavily on the specific application, load requirements, environmental conditions, и бюджет.
Slewing Bearing Materials
Races (Кольца): Typically made from hardened steel.
Carbon Steel (например, 1045, 1050): Most common and economical choice for light to medium-duty applications.
Alloy Steel (например, 4140, 4340, 50CrMo4, 42CrMo4): Offers higher strength, прочность, износостойкость, and hardenability. Used for medium to heavy-duty applications.
Нержавеющая сталь (например, 304, 316, 440С): Used in corrosive environments or where hygiene is critical (переработка пищевых продуктов, marine applications, медицинское оборудование). 440C is often used for races that require hardening.
Rolling Elements (Balls or Rollers): Usually made from high-carbon chromium bearing steel.
High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel (например, 52100, 100Cr6): The industry standard for rolling elements due to its exceptional hardness, износостойкость, and ability to withstand high contact stresses.
Ceramic (например, Silicon Nitride – Si3N4): Used in specialized applications where extremely high speeds, high temperatures, or non-magnetic properties are required.
Нержавеющая сталь (например, 440С): Used in corrosive environments for rolling elements.
Cage/Separator: Keeps rolling elements separated and evenly spaced. Materials vary depending on the application.
Стали (например, Low-Carbon Steel, Нержавеющая сталь): Common for general-purpose applications.
Brass/Bronze: Offers good wear resistance and damping properties.
Polyamide/Nylon (Plastic): Lightweight and quiet, suitable for lower-speed applications.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Materials
Load Requirements:
Static Load: The maximum load the bearing must withstand when stationary. Higher loads require stronger materials like alloy steels.
Dynamic Load: The load the bearing must withstand while rotating. This affects fatigue life, so materials with higher fatigue strength (например, alloy steels, high-carbon chromium steel for rolling elements) are needed.
Impact Load: Sudden, high-energy loads. Require materials with high toughness and impact resistance (например, certain alloy steels).
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